Navigating Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
Many women experience mood swings, cramps, and other symptoms in the days leading up to their menstrual period. While these symptoms are often dismissed as just “part of being a woman,” they can significantly impact daily life. Understanding Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) can help you manage these challenges effectively. In this post, we’ll explore the differences between PMS and PMDD, their symptoms, and the treatment options available.
What is Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)?
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) refers to a range of physical and emotional symptoms that occur in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, typically starting about a week before menstruation begins. These symptoms usually resolve once menstruation starts or shortly thereafter.
Common Symptoms of PMS Include:
Emotional Changes: Mood swings, irritability, anxiety, and depression.
Physical Symptoms: Bloating, breast tenderness, headaches, fatigue, and changes in sleep or appetite.
Digestive Issues: Constipation or diarrhoea.
PMS affects a significant number of women and can vary in severity. For many, symptoms are mild and manageable, but for some, they can interfere with daily activities.
What is Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)?
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a more severe form of PMS that significantly impacts a woman's ability to function normally. PMDD is characterised by intense emotional and physical symptoms that can resemble severe mood disorders.
Common Symptoms of PMDD Include:
Severe Mood Swings: Extreme irritability, mood swings, anger, severe depression, anxiety and thoughts of self-harm, feeling out of control and suicidality.
Significant Physical Symptoms: Severe fatigue, joint or muscle pain, headaches, and swollen or tender breasts.
Cognitive Difficulties: Trouble concentrating, feelings of being overwhelmed, concentration and memory problems.
PMDD is less common than PMS but affects approximately 3-8% of women in their reproductive years. The symptoms are often debilitating and can interfere with personal relationships and professional responsibilities.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing PMS and PMDD involves tracking symptoms and their impact on daily life. While PMS is generally diagnosed based on symptom patterns, PMDD is typically diagnosed through:
Symptom Tracking: Keeping a detailed diary of symptoms and their severity, noting their correlation with the menstrual cycle.
Diagnostic Criteria: PMDD is diagnosed if at least five symptoms are present in the luteal phase and significantly impact daily life.
Treatment Options
Managing PMS and PMDD often involves a combination of lifestyle changes, medications, and sometimes counseling. Here’s a look at some common strategies:
For PMS:
Lifestyle Changes: Regular exercise, a balanced diet low in caffeine and salt, and stress management techniques can be beneficial.
Over-the-Counter Pain Relief: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen can help alleviate physical symptoms.
Dietary Supplements: Calcium, magnesium, and vitamin B6 may help reduce symptoms for some women.
For PMDD:
Lifestyle Modifications: Similar to PMS, maintaining a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise and a balanced diet is crucial.
Medications:
Antidepressants: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are often prescribed to manage severe mood symptoms.
Hormonal Treatments: A contraceptive pill or hormone therapy may help regulate hormones and alleviate symptoms.
Diuretics: To reduce bloating and fluid retention.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): This form of therapy can help manage severe emotional symptoms and improve coping strategies.
In Conclusion
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) are common but often misunderstood conditions that can significantly impact a woman’s well-being. Recognising the symptoms and seeking appropriate treatment can help manage these conditions effectively and improve quality of life. If you experience severe symptoms or suspect you have PMDD, it's important to consult with your healthcare provider for a comprehensive evaluation and personalised treatment plan.
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